English is the lingua franca and numerous public services are available only in English. With a multicultural population and recognising the need to respect cultural identities of the major ethnic groups within the nation, Singapore has four official languages: English, Malay, Mandarin, and Tamil.

It has the third highest population density in the world. The country's territory is composed of one main island, 63 satellite islands and islets, and one outlying islet the combined area of these has increased by 25% since the country's independence as a result of extensive land reclamation projects. It lies about one degree of latitude (137 kilometres or 85 miles) north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, bordering the Strait of Malacca to the west, the Singapore Strait to the south, the South China Sea to the east, and the Straits of Johor to the north. Singapore ( / ˈ s ɪ ŋ( ɡ) ə p ɔːr/ ( listen)), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia.

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